At present, China is creating a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and the concept of "green lighting" is gradually gaining popularity. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the rapid development of semiconductor material application technology, low-power LED light sources have been widely used in landscape lighting, and high-power LED street lights have attracted more and more attention from all aspects. These two technologies are completely different methods of producing light. Sodium vapor bulbs contain metals that evaporate into an inert gas within a glass envelope, while LEDs are a solid-state technology. Both technologies are extremely efficient. The difference is that sodium vapor lamps were the most efficient technology in the 1970s, while LEDs are the most efficient technology today. Although sodium vapor lighting beats nearly every other technology in terms of energy efficiency (which is why it was chosen to light up many city streets), it loses out to LEDs. Both LEDs and sodium vapor lamps emit electromagnetic radiation within a small portion of the visible spectrum, but LEDs waste far less energy as waste heat, and they also offer users an incredible variety of high color rendering index options (thus eliminating the monochromatic black appearance of objects illuminated by LPS and HPS bulbs). The biggest difference between LED lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps is the color temperature and color rendering index. LED lights have a wider range of color temperatures as well as a higher color rendering index. LED area lights have easier intrinsic than high-pressure sodium lamps. 1. Comparison of luminescence principle 1.1 The luminous principle of LED lights LED (Light Emitting Diode), a light-emitting diode, is made of III-IV group compounds. It is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor chip. The semiconductor chip is composed of three parts. One part is a P-type semiconductor, in which holes dominate, and the other end is an N-type semiconductor. The electrons and holes will be pushed into the quantum wells when the current acts on the chip through the wire. In the quantum wells, the electrons recombine with the holes and then emit energy in the form of photons. This is the principle of LED light emission. The wavelength of light is also the color of light, which is determined by the material forming the P-N junction. 1.2 The luminous principle of the HPS lamp The high-pressure sodium lamp uses electricity to generate an arc between the electrodes at both ends of the arc tube. Due to the high arc temperature, the sodium amalgam in the tube is heated and evaporated into mercury vapor and sodium vapor. The electrons emitted by the cathode impact and discharge during the movement to the anode. The atoms of the substance gain energy to produce ionization or excitation and then return from the excited state to the ground state or change from the ionized state to the excited state and then return to the ground state in an infinite loop. At this time, the excess energy is released in the form of light radiation. Then there is light. High-power street lighting is a new type of lighting method that realizes lighting needs by illuminating the LED group by DC low voltage. It has the characteristics of high brightness and good color rendering. In addition, because the input of street lighting is low voltage DC, it can be. The combination of solar energy makes solar outdoor LED street lights a possibility for road lighting in the future. 2. About energy efficiency analysis and comparison The lighting installation power of the two should be compared on the premise of reaching the same illuminance (brightness) level and similar lighting quality standards. Because the high-power tube (250~400W) of the high-pressure sodium lamp has high luminous efficiency, it can reach 130~1401m/W, while the luminous efficiency of the low-power tube (100~150W) is about 80~100 lm/W, while the current high-power LED 1W LED tubes are mostly used in led street lamp, and their luminous efficiency is much higher. Therefore, it is advisable to analyze high-power LED road lights and low-power street lamps separately. 2.1 High-power (≥250W) street lamps High-pressure sodium lamps have high lighting efficiency, considering three factors: ballast loss, lamp efficiency, and light channel utilization. If the overall efficiency is calculated as 0.55, the effective light efficiency of the sodium lamp is about 70~75 1m/W; and the effective luminous efficiency of outdoor led light street, the best domestic enterprise has reached 1701m/W. Therefore, for high-power street lamps, LEDs are much more energy-efficient than sodium lamps. 2.2 Low-power (≤150W) street lamps The effective luminous efficiency of sodium lamps (included in the overall efficiency of 0.55) is about 45~551m/W, while the led road light is still calculated at 170 lm /W, the LED can achieve 75% energy saving than sodium lamps. Up to 80%. 3. Analysis of the light color of the light source on the road lighting effect The correlated color temperature (Tcp) of the high-pressure sodium lamp is about 2100K, which is a warm color temperature, and its color rendering index (Ra) is only 23~25, and the color rendering is low; and the color temperature currently used by outdoor led street light is mostly 4500K-5300K, which is a cool color temperature. A better product, its Ra can reach 70~80, and its color rendering is good. As a fast lane and main road for motor vehicles, the sodium lamp with a yellowish light is slightly better than the white light for seeing the road conditions about 90~160m ahead, especially for foggy and dusty air conditions. It has advantages. For sidewalks, commercial pedestrian streets, residential quarters, and other roads, the color rendering of LEDs is better than sodium lamps, distinguishing people's conditions more clearly, and has advantages. 4. Economic analysis and comparison High-pressure sodium lamps are about USD150-200 per set; at present, the street light cost varies greatly according to the power size, which is about USD 80-300. As far as the status quo is concerned, LED street light fixtures are slightly more expensive. However, LED can save energy by 75%. Replacing the original 150W high-pressure sodium lamp with an led streetlight saves about 500KWh of electricity per lamp every year, which can recover the extra cost of lamp purchase. Normally, the cost can be recovered in 1-2 years, and the LED lamp has shown good economic efficiency. Looking to the future, with the gradual improvement of the light efficiency of LED road light sources, the overall lighting efficiency of the lamps will increase accordingly, and the energy-saving performance will be better. Street lamps will be popularized with low power. The price of LED streetlights will also be reduced, gradually eliminating traditional light sources. 5. Service life analysis The comparison service life should be based on the whole lamp life. High-pressure sodium lamps include light sources, electrical accessories (mainly ballasts and triggers), and lamps. Sodium lamps are used for street lamps with an average life span of 1 to 3 years. Energy-saving inductive ballasts will not be less than 20 years, and the same is true for lamps. The service life of the LED streetlight has been used. Existing domestic companies have done their best to guarantee the life of the lamps to be about 100,000h. The road lighting can be used for more than 20 years if it is used for 12 hours per day. So, overall, the service life of an LED streetlight is much longer than that of traditional sodium street lighting. 6. Maintain performance comparison Users represented by urban street light management departments are more concerned about the maintenance performance of LED road lights. According to the analysis, the maintenance performance of the sodium lamp is good. The lamp only needs to be scrubbed and does not need to be replaced. The ballast is rarely replaced. The light source is replaced every 1 to 3 years, which is very inconvenient. In addition to the occasional damage to the power supply during the service life of the road lamp, almost no maintenance is required. For areas with harsh environments, only the surface of the luminaire needs to be cleaned regularly to ensure the normal operation of the luminaire, and there are now mature modular LED road lights. Appears maintenance and replacement are simple, and the cost is very low. Outdoor LED street lights already have standards to follow, and there are guarantees for bidding, ordering, use, and maintenance. In summary, we believe that outdoor LED street lights have become mature, and with the development of the LED industry, there will be greater development and broad prospects. 7. Luminous efficiency The luminous efficiency of the LED light source, the LED street lighting effect produced by Hylele, can reach up to about 170 Lm/w. The luminous efficiency of the high-pressure sodium lamp light source is about 100Lm/w, and the luminous flux emitted per w is 40-80Lm/w lower than that of the LED. The luminous efficiency of a 400-watt high-pressure sodium lamp is as high as 120Lm/w.  8. Fog permeability In road lighting, there is a big misunderstanding about the penetration of street lighting in heavy fog. Most people have always believed that the penetrability of LED street lamps is lower than that of traditional sodium lamps, which is a misconception. Most people see some information from the Internet or see some sensory feelings on the road without scientific evaluation and analysis, so they think that the light penetration of street lighting is poor. In this article, we will make a scientific analysis of this situation. We all know that the range of visible light is between 380nm and 780nm, and light in this range can be accepted and recognized by the human eye. All lamps and lanterns have use-value only in the range of this waveband, and the human eye cannot recognize it outside this range. The analysis of penetrability in this article is only carried out within this scope. It can be seen from the spectrogram that the spectrum of the LED is much more comprehensive than that of the sodium lamp. The peaks of both are at 580nm. The blue part of the LED only accounts for about 6% of the total luminous flux, while the sodium lamp has almost none. The distribution of the red-light zone of the LED is wider than that of the high-pressure sodium lamp. 9. Dimming function Outdoor LED street lights have a perfect dimming function. The light output of LED lamps is directly proportional to the working current, so the light can be dimmed by reducing the current. In addition, since the frequent switching of the LED lamp does not cause much damage to it, the LED lamp can also be dimmed by pulse width adjustment. By adjusting the duty cycle of the voltage and the operating frequency, the luminous intensity of the LED streetlight can be effectively adjusted. 10. Performance comparison led vs sodium street lights Compare items High-pressure sodium lamp LED Street Light Power consumption high Low (Save more than 70% of electricity than high-pressure sodium lamps) CCT 2000～2500K 3000～7000K CRI 20～25 65～85 Voltage AC200V～AC230V AC90V～AC305V Driver efficacy Low High Light effect Low light efficiency, serious light decay High light efficiency, low light decay lifetime Short, <5000 hours, light decay>60% Long, >100000 hours, light decay <30% IP rating IP65 IP66 Protection class Class I Class I /II Start Time 5～10 minutes Instant start, no delay Continuous start Not allowed. need to wait a few minutes allowed Environmental protection Mercury pollution, ultraviolet radiation Good Calorific value High heat The calorific value is small, only 30% of the high-pressure sodium lamp   ‌In conclusion，LED street lights have significant advantages over high-pressure sodium lamps, mainly in terms of energy efficiency, lifespan, maintenance cost, environmental protection, and intelligent control. Lifespan and maintenance cost Lifespan‌: LED street lights have a longer lifespan and less light decay, while high-pressure sodium lamps have greater light decay, which can reach more than 30% in about a year.‌Maintenance cost‌: LED street lights reduce the frequency of bulb replacement and maintenance costs, and the materials of LED lamps can be recycled, further reducing maintenance costs. Environmental protection Environmental protection‌: LED street lights do not contain harmful metals such as mercury, waste can be recycled, the working temperature is low, there is no ultraviolet and infrared radiation, the glare is small, and no light pollution is generated. ‌Energy saving and emission reduction‌: LED street lights have lower power. For example, the effect of 250W high-pressure sodium lamps and 120W LED lamps is similar, but LED lamps have lower power consumption. If it is calculated as a city with 20,000 street lights, carbon emissions can be reduced by 5,200 tons per year, saving about 14 million yuan in electricity bills. Intelligent control LED street lights have automatic control energy-saving devices, which can realize computer dimming, time period control, light control, temperature control, remote control, and automatic light inspection, and have a more humanized design.  

Relationship between Lumens and Illuminance Lumens is the total light output of a light source, while illuminance (Lux) is the luminous flux received per unit area (1 Lux = 1 lumen/㎡). The lumen requirement of a sports venue needs to be calculated based on the illumination standard and venue area. The formula is:Total Lumens = Target Illuminance (Lux) × Venue Area (㎡) × Utilization Factor (0.4-0.8) × Maintenance Factor (0.7-0.9) Sports lighting‌ refers to providing appropriate lighting conditions in sports venues to ensure that athletes, referees, spectators, TV broadcasters, and photographers can watch the game clearly. Sports lighting is not only related to the normal competition of athletes but also involves many other aspects, such as spectators, TV broadcasts, and advertising displays. Sports lights allow people to exercise at night or when natural light is scarce. Its importance cannot be overstated. Whether the sport is played in an international stadium or a local football stadium, lighting cannot be ignored. If you are considering buying motion lights, this article will answer any questions you may have about lumens. Sports lighting helps to meet the actual needs of athletes and spectators and capture high-quality television broadcasts. It is also difficult to operate stadiums without adequate lighting. 1. What Is Lumen? Lumens can be used to quantify the amount of illumination provided by any type of lighting. Lumens are related to candlelight and represent the brightness of a standard candle, equivalent to an Angle of one square meter. If the light source is obscured by the right absorbing hemisphere, the system will begin to emit half of its luminous flux. Simply put, lumens are units used to measure the amount of visible light contained in a defined beam or Angle or emitted by a light source. The amount of lumen or candela a light source emits depends on its spectrum, which is measured by the normal response of our eyes. 2. Difference between Lumen and Lux The difference between lumen and Lux is one of the most fundamental differences to understand. The difference between the two is that Lux considered the region in which the light was distributed. A flux of 1,000 lumens provides 1,000 lux illumination. It will be concentrated in an area of one square meter. If the same 1,000 lumens are spread over 5 square meters, the resulting lighting will be dimmed. A source emitting 1 watt of light would provide a luminous flux of about 683 lumens. In all, a lumen corresponds to at least 1/683 watts of visible light, depending on the distribution of the spectrum. 3. Lux to Lumen Calculation Formula A Lumen is a unit of measurement for luminous flux. The amount of light emitted by a source is measured in microvolts (V). The unit of the lumen is denoted by the symbol Lm. The intensity of the point light source is 1 crown. The outgoing luminous flux is 1 lumen. Since the average light efficiency of LED lights is 150lm/W, the calculation for the lumens of 1000W stadium lights is 1000W multiplied by 150lm/W, which equals 150,000 lumens. To convert Lux to lumens, you can also use a lumen-to-lux calculator. Because light disperses as it leaves the emitter, the farther it travels, the more light it disperses and the less intense it is. 3.1 Measuring in Square Meters To calculate lumens in square meters, you must consider the illuminance Ev in lux, which is equal to the luminous flux of lumens. So the luminous flux V is equal to the illuminance Ev in Lux (lx) times the surface area A in square meters (m2). Therefore, the formulas listed below are derived. ΦV(lm) = Ev(lx) × A (m2) 3.2 Square Footage Calculations   In addition to square meters, you may also want to use square feet to calculate lumens. V lumens (lm) is equal to 0.09290304 illuminance Ev Lux (lx) times surface area A square foot (ft2). The formula is shown below. ΦV(lm) = 0.09290304 × Ev(lx) × A(ft2) (ft2) The specific calculation table may be related to the following link: Lux to Lumen Calculator 4. How many lumens are required for sports lighting? 4.1 Football Soccer Field Dimensions Length x Width: 100 x 64 meters Lighting requirements Lumens 75lux for recreational and training 480000lm 200lux for semi-professional stadiums 1280000lm 1000lux for televising the events 6400000lm Reference link for Guide to Football Field Lighting Design 4.2 Tennis Court Dimensions: Single match:  23.77x8.23meters; Double matches: 23.77x10.97meters 250 lux for Residential and Recreational 48907 lm for single match 65189 lm for double matches 350 lux for Club Competition and   Commercial 68469 lm for single match 91265 lm for double matches 450 lux for National and international 88032 lm for single match 117341 lm for double matches Reference link for Guide to Tennis Court Lighting Design 4.3 Baseball Court Dimensions: 27.43 x 27.43 meters Lighting requirements Lumens Recreational 200lux 150480lm Professional Competition 500lux 376202lm 4.4 Basketball Court Dimensions: 28x15 meters Lighting requirements Lumens Backyard and recreational 200lux 84000lm NBA and FIBA Word Cup 2000lux 840000lm Reference link for Guide to Basketball Court Lighting Design 4.5 Badminton Court Dimensions: 13.4 x 6.1 meters Lighting requirements Lumens Amateur standard 300 lux 24522 lm Professional standard 500 lux 40870 lm 4.6 Volleyball Court Dimensions: 18 x9 meters Lighting requirements Lumens Recreational competitions 75-200 lux 12150-34200 lm Professional match 500 lux 81000 lm 5. Lumens and Watts Lumens and watts are also measured when determining the lumens required for motion lighting. It needs to measure the amount of electricity generated by the light source. For example, a 100-watt light bulb consumes 100 watts of electricity for every second it is on. The more watts, the higher the bill, because the more electricity is consumed. 6. How Do I Convert Lumens to Watts (W)? Consider that the conversion from the lumen (lm) to a watt (W) is very simple. Watts can be calculated using luminous efficiency and lumens. Lumens and watts represent different quantities. This indicates that you cannot convert lumens to watts. Lumen to watt conversion formula: P watts (W) is equal to luminous flux (V) lumens (Lm) (lm). It will then be divided by luminous efficiency per watt lumen (lm/W). The following formula will be derived. P (W) = ΦV (lm) / η(lm/W) 7. Importance of sports lighting Need for athletes to play normally: Athletes need enough lighting to ensure clear vision in the stadium to avoid poor lighting affecting their performance. Generally speaking, the larger the stadium, the faster the speed, and the smaller the ball, the higher the lighting standard. The need for spectators to watch the game: Spectators need higher lighting levels to watch the game, especially TV broadcasters and photographers, who need higher lighting standards to ensure the clarity and quality of the game screen. Needs for color TV broadcasts: With the development of color TV technology, lighting standards are also constantly improving to meet the needs of high-definition broadcasts. Needs for print media: Newspaper, magazine, and other print media reporters also need good lighting to report on the event. Need for advertising display: Advertisements in stadiums also need good lighting to ensure that the audience can see clearly. 8. Technical requirements and standards for sports lighting Illumination uniformity: The lighting of the sports venue needs to ensure uniform illumination throughout the venue to avoid obvious light and dark areas. The BWF stipulates that the illumination of the competition venue should reach more than 500 lx, and the uniformity should not be less than 0.7. Glare control: Glare is an important factor affecting the visual comfort and performance of athletes. High-quality lighting fixtures should have good glare control capabilities to ensure that the light is soft and not dazzling. ‌Color rendering: The color rendering index (CRI) is a measure of the ability of a light source to restore the true color of an object. The lighting of the sports field should choose lamps with a color rendering index higher than 80 to ensure that athletes can accurately judge the trajectory and position of the ball. ‌Energy saving and environmental protection: Modern sports venues pay more and more attention to energy saving and environmental protection. Choosing energy-efficient lighting fixtures can not only reduce operating costs, but also reduce the impact on the environment.  

Importance of streetlight quality Led street light problems have always been a concern by all sides because LED street lights are closely related to people’s lives. According to CNN Health, there has been an article about LED street lights problems. The article describes two LED street light problems that people are focusing on at present. The first one is discomfort and glare. Because LEDs are so concentrated and have high levels of blue light, they can cause severe glare and cause the pupils of your eyes to constrict. Blue light scatters more in the human eye than the longer wavelengths of yellow and red, and enough levels can damage the retina. Another issue addressed in the AMA statement is the impact on circadian rhythms in humans. So is this true? These problems have a lot to do with the design of street lighting, and the quality of LED street lamps. This article will introduce the problems of LED street lamps for you in detail. Road construction is an important part of modern urban construction and LED street lights are important equipment in road construction, which can light up the road at night and create a safe night environment for people. Therefore, we should give priority to the quality of the street lamps when purchasing them. Street lamps of poor quality are not stabilized in lighting performance, which will cause a lot of problems for later maintenance and replacement work. This not only affects the safety of pedestrians and drivers but also increases the bill of public expenditure burden for urban construction. What are the common quality problems of LED streetlights? In reality, road construction requires a large number of high-quality LED street lights to illuminate various roads in the city to ensure that normal night activities can be carried out normally. However, we will find some common quality problems even after our careful selection. Because many manufacturers will cut costs to attract customers with low prices. But these low prices are achieved through the use of poor materials and processes, rather than technological innovation, so this has a great impact on the quality of LED street lights. To allow you to choose high-quality commercial LED street lights, and understand how street lights work, here we list nine of these problems. The problem of LED driver failure LED driver is the most important part of LED street lights. Over 17 years of street light business, we found that the part that’s most likely to break is the LED driver. When it’s broken, the lamps will not work at all, parts of the LEDs are not working, or sometimes the LEDs are flickering. That’s why we insist on using the most well-known LED driver brands, like Meanwell, and Inventronics, or other world-famous brands such as Philips and Osram brands. The reason is simple in one sentence. LED drivers are as important to LED streetlights as hearts are to people. It seems that we can save the bill when buying a streetlight with a low-grade LED driver. But finally, you will find that you will pay more in the future for repairing it with a new LED driver. So streetlights with high-quality LED driver is the best option when doing long-term street lighting projects. Normally projects or tenders have a requirement on the protection class of lamps. They will ask for either Class I or Class II power supply for AC input LED street lights. This means we should pay more attention when choosing LED drivers. The problem of poor LED chips In LED chips, the gold wires are used for their good quality. Why high-end LEDs should be with this high-priced material. Because gold wire has the advantages of high electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, good toughness, and excellent chemical stability. If using other wires like copper alloy wires, gold-coated silver alloy wires, and silver alloy wires, will reduce the reliability of the light source and make the LED chips easier to fail due to disconnection after a period of use. Unlike LED drivers, it’s not easy for us to visually identify the brand and model of the LEDs. Btw we need a Professional electrician to replace the LED module. It’s more complicated to replace it than the LED driver, which will cost lots of labor. Due to their power limitations, Class 2 circuits are considered safe from a fire initiation point of view and provide acceptable protection against electric shock. Therefore, it is recommended to choose class 2 electrical for outdoor lighting. So we shall pay more attention to it when doing market research on a new product. The problem of SPD function A surge protection device, also known as a lightning arrester, is a kind of electronic equipment to provides safety protection for electronic devices, instruments, and communication lines. When a surge current or voltage is suddenly generated in an electrical circuit or communication line due to external interference, the surge protector can conduct and shunt the inrush current in a very short period of time, thereby avoiding damage to other equipment in the circuit by the surge. A good surge protection device should be capable of repeating its surge protection functions as specified. Although the LED driver has its built-in SPD, we still think that it’s worth installing SPD for street lights. ZC Lighting has both Class I, Class II, 10KV, or 20KV SPD to meet your requirements. If there is very strong lightning or the grid is unstable in your project location, we suggest 20KV SPD protect your street light. Compared to the LED driver or whole street lights, using an SPD with a cost of about 5 USD to protect your device is an economic choice. The problem of Lower IP/IK The IP rating(What’s IP rating) is used to identify the international protection grade code. An IP rating consists of two numbers, Solid particle protection (First digit) and Liquid ingress protection (Second digit). The larger the number, the better its protection grade. IK ratings are defined as IK followed by a number from 00 to 10. It indicates the protection degree of the electrical enclosures against external mechanical impacts. IK Rated products are important especially if they are in public areas, high-traffic areas, or commercial environments. High IK ensures safety for both the environment and people. Light IP rating and IK rating are all important for LED street lights. With a lower IP rating, the water will come into the electrical part of lamps, which does damage to the light. At the same time, we will face the problem of electric shock and injury. With a lower IK rating, the lamps will be damaged or broken when a certain degree of impact is applied on their surface. If broken fragments or lack of required illumination occurs, it will cause potential damage to passersby. The problem of Unreasonable heat dissipation Heat dissipation is a point that buyers must pay attention to when choosing LED lights street. LED chips and LED drivers often need the right temperature to work properly. This temperature is usually less than 105°, which can be found in its datasheet. LED drivers also need the right temperature. Take the Inventronics EUM series, for example, this temperature is often less than 90°. If the heat dissipation design of the lamps is not very good, the lifespan of the LED lamps will be affected, or more seriously the LED lamps will stop working. For the LED drivers, they could switch back and forth between working and not working, which will affect the lifetime of the LED power supply as well. So for LED lamps, both the working temperature of LED chips and LED drivers are what manufacturers should be paying attention to. ZC Lighting generally controls the highest working temperature of LED chips under 85° (at 25° ambient temperature). By this, we will not only get a good cost performance of LED street lights but also make the lifetime of lamps to be as long as possible. For the buyer, the most intuitive is to ask his supplier to provide an ISTMT report. In this report, you can see the Ts temperature of LED chips and the Tc temperature of the power supply. With this report, buyers find it easier to find suitable suppliers. The problem of Poor powder coating For outdoor street lights, good powder coatings can resist corrosion, abrasion, and chemicals. It will prolong the lifetime and improve the performance of street lights. For buyers, a good way is to check whether the supplier has a salt spray test report. This test is according to ISO9227 or ASTM B117, and the street light needs to be exposed to salt for 1000 hours. Then the lab should check to see whether there is any corrosion/surface pitting/cracking and its area. Finally, a test report will be issued to the applicant to show its rating. If you are interested in street lights with this test report, please check with us. Below is a brief introduction to powder coating. Powder Coating is an Epoxy, Polyester, or Polyurethane resin-based dry powder that is applied onto metal surfaces through an electrostatic spraying system. It includes 3 main steps. Pretreatment Purpose: Remove the oil, dust, and rust on the surface of the workpiece, to produce a layer that can increase the coating adhesion called the “phosphate layer.” Electrostatic spraying Purpose: Powder coating should be evenly sprayed on the surface of the workpiece. As to a special workpiece (including the position where the electrostatic shielding layer existed), we should use the high-performance electrostatic spray molding machine to complete the painting. Cure at high temperature Purpose: When a powder on the surface of the workpiece is exposed to an elevated temperature for a certain length of time, it begins to melt, flows out, and then chemically reacts to form a higher molecular weight polymer-surface texture that we want. The problem of Lighting distribution The lighting distribution is mainly determined by the design of optics PC, PMMA, or Plexiglass lens. ZGSM Rifle series street lamp has over 10 different lenses, which makes the Rifle series an ideal option for your street light project. When the position, height, and spacing of lamp posts are fixed, a successful outdoor lighting scheme often depends on whether the light distribution of lamps is reasonable. With good light distribution, we can use the lowest watts of lamps for projects, to minimize the budget of the project. And this is the most energy-saving solution. When the light distribution of lamps is not reasonable, we often need a larger wattage or more lamps to provide a uniform roadway lighting effect.  By using the LED street light with good lighting distribution you can avoid the common problems below: The light seems too bright The light shines in the windows of a residential area at night There is too much light under the fixture There are many dark spots between the lights The path isn’t lit up while the grass is lit up That’s why we shall also pay attention to see whether the street light is with ideal lighting distribution. Because it matters whether you can get your project and at what cost you can get your project. The problem of Low efficiency The lumen efficiency of LED lights is mainly determined by three factors. Efficacy of LED chips Driver efficiency Optical part (lens, glass) For many buyers, the lumen efficiency can’t be tested by itself. This makes them have the chance to exaggerate the product parameters. However, the reduced configuration is not sufficient to meet the required lighting design. When the lamps are finally installed, the lighting results are not as per the lighting class required by the project. It seems that the little trick makes their product be with the same market position or even more competitive. But next time, no one will be in favor of yours because the trust is gone. The problem of Package Without a good package, the street light will be broken during transportation. And without a well-designed label, buyers may face customs clearance problems for importing. For packaging design, we mainly take safety into consideration. On the basis of safety, we will try to save material consumption that is eco-friendly and compress the volume to help customers save freight. Of course, good packaging is also good for customers’ promotion and sales. And we will also provide customized services for our customers, which will make your products more attractive.   As a part of the packaging, the label is also important.  It can facilitate your goods identification. And a standard label can help you successfully complete customs clearance. If you have any requirements on packing and labeling, please feel free to ask us and of course, we will give you our suggestions.   Conclusion To carry out your street lamp project smoothly, ZC Lighting suggests that under the premise of understanding how street lights work, you should carefully select a street light with a famous LED power supply and LED chips, well-designed SPD, higher IP/IK, good plastic spray, proper lens, well whole lamp design, and nice packaging. We believe that if we can achieve perfection in these points, the LED street lamp you choose will be very popular and successful in the market. 

Introduction Lighting calculation refers to a series of techniques and methods used in designing lighting systems. It aims to determine the required illumination levels and select appropriate lighting fixtures, configurations, and placements to ensure the desired lighting effects within a specific space. Lighting calculation involves numerous factors, such as site layout, lighting standards, types and wattages of fixtures, and the lenses of the fixtures. In lighting calculation, terms like Dialux, Relux, and AGI32, among others, are commonly heard as they denote specialized simulation software. Once factors influencing lighting outcomes are confirmed, these simulation tools are employed for photometric analysis, illuminance distribution, luminous intensity, and calculations of parameters such as illuminance and uniformity. These calculations are utilized to evaluate the lighting effects in specific areas and optimize them according to design parameters. Through these calculations and analyses, users can assess and optimize various design schemes, including different types of fixtures, their layouts, and positioning, as well as the control methods for lighting systems, all to achieve optimal lighting effects and energy efficiency. Why go with lighting calculation? Lighting calculation plays a key role in lighting design. It can not only assist in selecting appropriate lighting solutions (including type and quantity of lamps) but also optimize lighting effects. In addition, it plays an important role in energy conservation and environmental protection (avoiding excessive lighting), improving comfort, avoiding glare and light pollution, and improving space aesthetics. Appropriate lighting solution: Lighting calculations can help us choose the most suitable type, quantity, wattage, and lens of lamps. These factors directly affect the realization of lighting effects. Optimized lighting effects: Lighting calculations ensure that you get the right amount of lighting everywhere in your project and that the illumination, or brightness, is evenly distributed. Through continuous calculation and optimization, the implementation of the project can be carried out according to the lighting simulation, thus obtaining optimized lighting effects. Energy saving and environmental protection: lighting calculations can optimize energy use. By rationally selecting the placement, quantity, wattage, and lenses of lamps, we can choose the best lighting solution to make the lighting project more efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. Avoid glare and light pollution: Lighting calculations help avoid glare and light pollution. Through reasonable lighting design, glare and light pollution can be effectively reduced, thereby protecting the health and safety of humans and wildlife. Improve the aesthetics of space: Lighting calculations can optimize the layout and angle of light sources, giving projects better visual effects and making them more attractive. In addition, the use of high-quality LED chips can improve the color reproduction performance of lighting, thereby improving the comfort of indoor lighting. How to go with lighting calculation? Lux is the unit used in the International System of Units (SI) to measure illuminance, representing the amount of luminous flux received per unit area. Typically, we use lux to indicate the lighting effect of fixtures. Lighting calculation enables us to determine the illuminance achieved on the illuminated area through simulated calculations, aiding in determining the required number of fixtures. However, we can also measure actual illuminance on the illuminated area using a light meter. Different formulas can be used to calculate light intensity under various circumstances. To illustrate this, we categorize these scenarios into three types: E = F / A E represents illumination or lux F represents the luminous flux in lumens A represents the surface area covered by the luminaire (in square meters) For example, in a 3×3 meter room, a 48W 4500lm canopy light is installed. Applying the formula E=4500/3/3=500lux, it can meet the lighting needs of a normal room. If the room is used as a study room, a wattage of 72W or higher is required. E = F x Q x MF / A E represents illumination or lux F represents the average lumen value of the lamp Q represents the number of lamps MF represents the maintenance factor of the luminaire A represents the surface area covered by the luminaire (in square meters) For example, a 36x18m tennis court is equipped with 8 pieces 320W 150lm/W high-power floodlights. Apply the formula E=320W*150lm/Wx8x0.8/36/18=474lux. Of course, this is only an estimate. In actual applications, outdoor lighting will cause part of the light to accidentally illuminate the target area due to various reasons, causing the illumination value calculated by this method to be much smaller than the simulated value. According to the experience of the ZGSM technical team, when calculating the illumination value through this method, it is recommended that the value of this coefficient is about 0.8. Lighting simulation In addition to calculating lighting effects using the above formulas, we recommend clients utilize lighting simulation results to determine the suitability of the lighting. The general steps typically involve confirming the site dimensions, selecting lighting standards, followed by fixture selection and arrangement (where we can estimate suitable fixture wattage and quantity through steps 1 and 2), importing into lighting simulation software for result computation, and finally, fine-tuning, optimizing, and exporting the report. In practical applications, different outdoor lighting simulations exhibit certain differences. Below, we explain each scenario separately. Lighting calculation of street lighting In outdoor lighting simulations, road lighting stands as the most common demand. Clients frequently inquire about the suitable wattage for streetlights on a 7-meter-wide road with 6-meter-high poles. Based on our experience, knowing these conditions can roughly determine the appropriate wattage (xxxW, based on M4a standards). If your lighting requirements are higher, it might necessitate increasing the wattage of the fixtures or enhancing their efficiency. In road lighting simulations, brightness is typically the primary requirement for the roadway, while illuminance is the primary consideration for sidewalks and conflict areas. For more details, please refer to another article of ours. With these settings and fixture arrangements (usually determined by project requirements), we can input these parameters into Dialux for lighting simulations. Here are the basic steps for road lighting simulation.                          Lighting calculation of street lighting Steps for street lighting design Road composition (including carriageway, sidewalk, median, road width, number of lanes) Lighting standards (M lighting class – M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, P lighting class, and C lighting class). Refer to road lighting design Luminaire layout (pole height, spacing, outreach, angle, distance of poles from the road edge). Refer to luminaire-arrangement-of-street-light-led Selection of luminaire IES, import into Dialux, and calculations (adjust or replace wattage and lens if necessary). Exporting the report Lighting calculation of sports lighting For sports lighting, clients often inform us about a field that requires illumination. However, while they might be aware of the field’s size, they might not be clear about the lighting requirements, as well as the positions and heights of the light poles. To conduct a simulation for stadium lighting, we need to specify the requirements for illuminance and uniformity. ZC Lighting can confirm these requirements based on the competition level of the client’s sports field. Following this, we will calculate the required wattage and quantity of flood lighting fixtures using the illuminance calculation formula, and finally input this data into Dialux for lighting calculation. Here are the basic steps for stadium lighting simulation.                            Lighting calculation of sports field Steps for Sports Field Lighting Design Type and size of the sports field Lighting standards (illuminance and uniformity as per EN12193) Luminaire layout (pole positions, pole height, number of fixtures) Selection of luminaire(flood light or high mast light) IES, import into Dialux, and calculations (adjust or replace luminaire wattages or lenses if necessary) Exporting the report Lighting calculation of exterior lighting Apart from road lighting and sports lighting simulations, we also engage in projects concerning parking lot lighting, park lighting, and lighting for industrial park roads. Such outdoor lighting projects typically involve areas with irregular shapes and dimensions. We recommend clients provide CAD drawings and refer to EN12464-1 standards for the various illumination requirements in different areas. Subsequently, based on the positions and heights of light poles, we select appropriate wattages and lenses. Finally, these data are input into Dialux for lighting calculation. Here are the basic steps for simulating lighting in other outdoor areas. Please review case studies of exterior flood lights for walking areas.                          Lighting calculation of exterior area Steps for other exterior area lighting design Layout and size of outdoor area(CAD drawings) Lighting standards (illuminance and uniformity as per EN12464-1) Luminaire layout (positions, heights, and spacing) Selection of luminaire IES for calculations (adjust or replace luminaire wattages or lenses if necessary) Exporting the report Summary This article outlines the relevant knowledge of lighting calculation, including its significance and specific implementation methods. It particularly introduces various outdoor lighting calculation procedures such as road lighting, sports lighting, and other outdoor lighting scenarios. These steps encompass the selection of lighting standards, project drawings, fixture selection and placement, culminating in the final lighting calculation. In practical applications, continual adjustments may be necessary to ensure that the lighting design is both reasonable and optimized. Through this study, we can confidently navigate future projects, ensuring our lighting solutions meet the relevant standards, offer well-considered fixture selections and placements, and provide professional recommendations for fixture installation. For further information, please feel free to contact us.

When choosing the best LED lighting solutions for your parking lot, several key factors should guide your decision.  These include types of lights, energy efficiency, lighting controls, and beam angles, among others. Each element plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of your lighting installation. Introduction With the development of the economy, cars have become a common means of transportation for people. The urban parking lot makes the cars in the city run normally and smoothly. The parking lot is developing into an indispensable element of a city, and its illumination should also be paid attention to. Targeted lighting in the parking lot ( Click here to view case studies of LED parking lot lights for commercial districts. ). is not only a requirement to ensure use, but also a need to ensure property and personal safety. Most parking lot lights use one of three types of lamps: high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, such as metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and – if they’re very old – mercury vapor lamps. However, with the development of LED technology, LED parking lot Lights are gradually replacing traditional parking lot lights. If you have a plan to upgrade your old car park, start by taking a full inventory of the car park and adjoining areas. The list should state the total number of lamps, type of lamps, number of poles, and location of poles. We can determine the wattage of LED lamps according to the wattage of the original lamps and the type of lamps. At the same time, add lamps to places that require additional lighting, and reduce the use of lamps in places that do not require much lighting. If your parking lot is new, we believe you must have drawings of this parking lot (approximate square feet of the parking lot), including the dimensions of the parking lot, the location of the light fixtures, and the height of the light poles. Which areas need to be illuminated and which areas should not be illuminated by lamps temporarily. Then we can quickly start working on lighting simulations and give you the right LED solution. ZC Lighting is also a professional expert in Street Lighting, more information visit street lighting design guide. Design considerations When you calculate lights, be sure to pay attention to which type of lights are used in different places (Lights near parking lot entrances and doors may differ from lights installed further away in parking lots). Remember that&nbsp;lighting distribution&nbsp;is key when considering a good design. To get a good result, lighting should be fairly even for a parking lot. Of course, better lighting doesn’t mean more lighting, too much light or uneven light distribution can cause light pollution or glare problems. General requirements for outdoor parking lot lighting Outdoor parking lot lighting shall be designed to provide adequate vision, comfort, and safety. Outdoor parking lot lighting shall be designed to provide uniform lighting throughout the facility with no dark patches or pockets. Outdoor parking lot lighting shall be designed to provide a minimum value of lighting necessary for the safety and identification of features. Outdoor parking lot lighting shall not cause direct illumination on adjacent and nearby properties or streets. Fixtures should be of a type or adequately shielded so as to prevent glare from normal viewing angles. In order to direct light downward and minimize the amount of light spilled into the dark night sky, all lighting fixtures serving outdoor parking lots, except as allowed in a subsection of this section, shall be full cutoff fixtures as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). The maximum allowable installation height for lighting fixtures in open parking lots shall be 15 feet within 50 feet of low and medium-density residential areas and on rooftops. Other outdoor parking lot lighting fixtures can be 25 feet. Relative standards-Lux and light uniformity Below is the US standard Basic1 Enhanced Security2 Minimum Footcandles on Pavement 0.2 FC1 0.5 FC Maximum Footcandles on Pavement 4.0 FC 7.5 FC Uniformity Ratio Maximum: Minimum 20:1 15:1 Minimum Footcandles at five feet Above Pavement 0.1 FC 0.25 FC 1: 1 FC equals 10.7 lux 2: Enhanced security is needed where special security needs exist, or where vandalism or crime is possible. Below is the China Standard. Parking lot classification Average lux on ground Uniformity(minimum lux/ average lux) GR Ra Class I: > 400 vehicles 30 0.25 50 20 Class II: 251- 400 vehicles 20 0.25 50 20 Class III: > 101-250 vehicles 10 0.25 50 20 Class IV: ≤100 vehicles 5 0.25 55 20 Lighting distribution The important thing you must consider is to perform a photometric analysis. Lighting design and simulation will help to have the best possible lighting design so that the area is properly lit. According to the Luminaire Classification System, the light should have a BUG value: backlight, upplight, and glare. The luminaire cannot have any upplight which will spill light into the night sky. Meanwhile, if the parking lot is near a residential area, there should be less backlight to make sure that we will not get many complaints from the residents. Lighting distribution is the main feature of LED lights. With the help of a lens, the light that comes from the luminaire can project onto an object or a surface evenly. It is determined by the point at which 50% of the fixture’s luminous intensity is met. The lighting industry has created a classification system and recognized five distinct LED distribution types – Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V light distribution. Generally, Type III, Type IV, and Type V are suitable for parking lot lighting, but roads entering parking areas and roads inside of parking lots often require spectrums like Type I and Type II. For example, in the below solution, we used Type I for the road in this industry area. But we used Type III for its parking lot area. Dialux simulation CCT Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) is used to describe the color appearance of a light source. The value is expressed in Kelvin (K). The CCT of a warm light source is less than 3500k. The CCT of neutral light sources is in the 3500 to 4500k range. The CCT of the cold light source is greater than 4500k (see Figure 6). CCT is not a performance metric: higher numbers are not better. Rather, it is a metric that describes the temperature or temperature of the light. Now more and more customers want the color temperature to be less than 3000K because they think that such a light source is closer to traditional lamps and does not look so dazzling which is not harmful to the eyes. CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) is used to describe the color rendering accuracy of a light source. It is important to note that CRI only describes one aspect of color. CRI≤60 indicates poor color rendering, 60 – 70 medium, 70-80 good, 80-90 very good, 90+ excellent. CRI is a performance indicator, and the higher the value, the better. In parking lots, color recognition is necessary to identify clothes, faces, license plates, and vehicles. Generally speaking, a CRI greater than 70 is sufficient for parking lot lighting. Height of Poles Parking lot lights can be installed from 12 feet to 20 feet in height, but in some cases can be as high as 25 feet or 35 feet. The size of your parking lot will be used to determine the recommended height for your poles; larger areas are better for higher poles for better uniformity and vice versa. Another aspect to consider is whether your area is urban (more concentrated in housing) or rural (more scattered). If your parking lot is adjacent to a lot of other houses, it is necessary to use shorter poles to ensure that the light does not interfere with the residential area. Conversely, in rural areas, you can have higher poles. Space of Poles Once the installation height is confirmed, you can then determine the spacing between your lamp poles. A rule of thumb: The higher your installation height, the fewer poles you’ll need.  Continuing the previous example, in more densely populated areas you should have more and closer light poles, while in rural areas you will have fewer lamp poles.  Type of mounting There are different types of mounting for parking lot lights, including the Pole Mount and the Surface Mount. Pole mounted parking lot light is mounted on a pole, which has an arm that extends into the ground. Surface mount lights are with U-brackets or trunnion brackets that mount directly to an existing wall. Hylele LED parking lot lights have different kinds of brackets that can fulfill your installation requirements. Below is the diagram of brackets and their application. We are also providing parking lot light poles for your lighting system, so if you are interested in poles and brackets, please feel free to get in touch with us. Lighting controls to save energy The parking lot is lit for long periods every day. During certain hours of the night, the parking lot is with few vehicles and pedestrians. Installing energy-efficient equipment is a step toward an energy-efficient design, and lighting controls are a great addition. Ideally, it is best to install the controls at the same time as any new or replacement equipment is installed, as the electrician is already on site. Controls are appearing in car parks due to new technologies capable of producing significant energy savings based on high-efficiency lighting. Lighting control includes a Timer switch, Photocell switch, Timing dimming, Motion sensor, and Smart control. Here we give a brief introduction, if you are interested, you can refer to our article about street light control systems. Timer switch control system Because parking lot lamps must be turned on and off regularly, they are typically controlled by a time switch, also known as a street lamp time switch control system. In the long run, a street lamp with a time switch management system will improve energy efficiency and service life, providing people with an outstanding user experience. Photocell switch control system A photocell switch is made up of two components: a photocell and a bimetallic relay. When the light intensity varies, the machine automatically switches on or off the illumination. The photosensitive resistance inside the light control gets less resistant as light shines on it. The parking lot light is then turned off and the circuit is closed. When the ambient light is insufficient, the photosensitive resistance has a higher resistance value. The circuit is then turned on, and the parking lot light is switched on. Timing dimming control system Timing dimming is a technique that has been used for a long time. This is a dimmer function that allows you to modify the output of your LED parking lot light at night. Traditionally LED drivers have a pre-programmed program. For example, we set the LED driver to run at 100% for 6 hours, 50% for the next 6 hours, and then 100% for the next 2 hours. When the light is switched on at 18:00 and turned off at 6:00, the brightness is 100 percent from 18:00 to 24:00, and 50 percent from 24:00 to 6:00. In this way, we can save lots of energy at night when it’s not necessary to provide much light on parking lots. Motion sensor Motion detectors are triggered by the motion of vehicles and pedestrians. When a person enters the sensing range, the high output will continue to be maintained, while after the person leaves, the switch delay will automatically turn off the load. In this way, the utility of energy can be effectively saved without affecting the functional use of the parking lot. Smart control system ZC Lighting also provides a smart street lighting control solution, which is a remote management solution that guarantees the appropriate quantity of light is given where and when it is required. It allows users to turn on or off their parking lot lights, adjust the dimming level, verify lamp status, and monitor the data system. Street lighting control systems can use these features to increase energy efficiency, identify lighting outages, and resolve other maintenance concerns in real-time. ZC Lighting parking lot lighting solutions Easy to install and simple to maintain Our LED parking lot lights ( Explore LED parking lot lights for commercial district applications. ) and LED floodlights are designed with high-quality mechanical solutions to ensure easy installation and simple maintenance, thereby reducing the operating costs of parking lot lighting. Energy conservation and remote control ZC Lighting places particular emphasis on developing solutions that can reduce the energy costs of devices with longer ignition times, such as parking lot lighting.We have designed a variety of optical components to achieve greater lighting flexibility and distribute light only where it is needed. Our LED parking lot lights and LED floodlights are also equipped with dimming systems and remote controls, allowing for switch programming and reducing overall lighting costs. Consultation and technical support ZC Lighting possesses professional technical knowledge and experience, which can assist customers in designing and selecting the most suitable products to illuminate parking lots following current regulations. Your parking lot is an important part of the first and lasting impression you make on the public. A dimly lit, the potholed parking lot is often a bad experience. What’s more, a poorly lit parking lot often leads to accidents and crime. But a clean, well-lit, and well-maintained parking facility is a community asset. Investing in making your property stand out for security and attractiveness makes good business sense.LED street lights LED post top lights, LED area lights, and LED flood lights can all be used for parking lot lighting. And we have all these kinds of LED lights for your options. Btw, our LED light can be with different lighting distributions, different wattages, and different installation brackets. We believe that you can find a suitable solution at ZC Lighting. Summary Hope this article can give you a better understanding of most aspects of outdoor parking lot lighting, including lighting requirements, performance requirements of lamps, pole of street light arrangement, lamp installation, how to achieve energy saving, etc. If you have plans to install LED lighting for your parking lot, you can contact us to provide you with a detailed solution. If you are still hesitant to reform your parking lot, then you can calculate the cost of replacing traditional lighting with LED lighting and the payback period, maybe it can help you make up your mind to choose a green LED solution.

It is a very common phenomenon that LED Floodlights become dimmer as they are used. To sum up the reasons for dimming flood light lamps, there are no more than the following three points. 1. Driver damage LEDs are required to work at low DC voltage (below 20V), but our usual mains is AC high voltage (AC 220V). To turn the mains into the electricity needed by the LEDs, a device is needed, called "LED constant current drive power supply". Theoretically speaking, as long as the parameters of the driver match the LEDs, the power supply can be continuously supplied and used normally. The inside of the driver is more complicated. The failure of any device (such as capacitors, rectifiers, etc.) may cause the output voltage to change, which in turn causes the LEDs to dim. Driver damage is one of the most common faults in LED luminaires, which can usually be resolved after replacing the driver. 2. LED burns out The LED itself is composed of LEDs one by one. If one or part of them does not light up, it will inevitably make the whole lamp dim. The LEDs are generally connected in series and then in parallel - so if a certain LED is burned, it may cause a batch of LEDs not to light up. There are obvious black spots on the surface of the burned LEDs, find it, connect a wire to its back, short-circuit it; or replace it with a new LED, all can solve the problem. The LED burns one out every now and then, probably by coincidence. If it burns frequently, you need to consider the driver problem - another manifestation of driver failure is to burn the LEDs. 3. LED light decay The so-called light decay is when the brightness of the light source gets lower and lower - this situation is more obvious in incandescent and fluorescent lamps. LED lights cannot avoid light decay, but their light decay speed is relatively slow, and it is generally difficult to see changes with the naked eye. However, it does not rule out that inferior LEDs, inferior bead boards, or due to objective factors such as poor heat dissipation, lead to faster light decay of LEDs. 4. Poor heat dissipation LED lamps generate a lot of heat when working. If the heat dissipation design is not good, the temperature of the lamp will rise and affect the light decay speed. High-quality heat dissipation design can extend the service life of the lamp and maintain brightness. 5.Environmental conditions High temperature and high humidity environments will accelerate the light decay process of LED lamps. Poor-quality LED chips or poor-quality light bead boards will also accelerate the light decay speed. *Average Lumen Maintenance

Introduction The city is constantly progressing and developing, urban and rural construction is also step by step towards a higher level of progress, urban construction at the same time can not be separated from road construction, and street lights in road construction are also a very important factor. On the road we have seen a variety of shapes and colors of street lamps, but also bring a different visual experience, in the choice of street lamps, street lamp appearance, lighting effect, product quality, and price have been the topic of concern. Factors affecting the price of street lights generally depend on the lamp housing, LED driver, LED chips, and other requirements (such as light control function, microwave function, intelligent control, etc.), the price is therefore generally 30-200 US dollars (and the power of the lamp also has a great deal to do with), according to the different countries of the economic requirements of the quality of our products while ensuring that we will choose a more favorable option. This article is mainly from the street light price and discusses it with you. What points should we pay attention to when designing street lighting? Why pay attention to the street light prices? Why do you pay attention to the price of streetlights? This may be our subconscious behavior, just like we go to buy clothes, buy mobile phones, buy other supplies, and pay special attention to the price of the product, only in the price range we accept we will be interested to continue to check and choose, and we pay attention to the street light price may be due to the following aspects: First of all, any project has a budget, that is, we can accept a price range, only in this range of street light prices end customers will seriously consider buying, usually in several manufacturers of products as well as quotations in all aspects of the comparison, will choose product quality is guaranteed, and the product price is also in the acceptable range of street light products. In addition, each project has a standard ( What are the common LED lighting certification standards? ), each country may also be different, or the end customer based on the original product specified in a bidding standard, some for the function of the street lamp, some for the street lamp design ( View the city street lighting project ), in the price range, certainly want to provide as much as possible a better product, higher configuration, more features. Main factors affecting street light prices At the beginning of the article, we mentioned the factors that affect the street prices, which are also the composition of the street lamp price: including street light housing, LED driver, LED chips, other functions, etc. Let us explain in detail below: Street light housing The lamp housing is an important part of the street lamp, which can be said to directly affect the service life of the lamp. Due to the improvement of modern technology, we generally use die-cast aluminum shells. For example, our K, Rifle, and Falcon series street lamps all use die-cast aluminum materials. This generally affects the price of street lamps due to different appearance designs and requirements. In addition, depending on the design, some die-cast aluminum and some aluminum profiles may be used, such as our AL01 series and AL03 series street lamps ( Details of ALmodular design road lamp ). Different designs have different street light prices due to different material usage. LED driver LED driver is also an indispensable part of street lamp products, and it is also the key to the lighting of lamps. The quality of LED drivers directly affects the service life and use effect of lamps. There are many types of drivers. According to whether there is a driver or not, they can be divided into lamps with a driver and lamps without a driver. According to the brand, there are many kinds. The more common and used driver brands are: Inventronics, Mean Well, Done, Sosen, Philips, etc. According to different functions, they are divided into 0-10V, 1-10V, drivers with DALI, drivers with DALI2, and D4i functions. According to different customer requirements, there will be solutions with corresponding LED drivers. LED chips The quality of the LED chips directly affects the luminous efficiency and service life of the lamp. Generally speaking, the life of the LED chips is very long (unless it is an unreasonable design). As long as there is no quality problem, we don't have to worry. Luminous efficiency refers to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of LED chips (in lm/W). The higher the luminous efficiency, the more electrical energy the LED chips can convert into light energy, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the lamp. Different types of LED chips have different luminous efficiencies, which also means that the prices are different. Generally speaking, for the same brand, the price of LED chips with high luminous efficiency will be higher. According to the type of LED chips, LED chips can be divided into 3030, 5050, 2835, 3535, 5730, and other LED chips (where 3030 represents the size of the LED chips, which is 30mm×30mm×1.5mm). According to different brands, they can be divided into: Lumileds LED chips, Philips LED chips, Bridge LED chips, Crescent LED chips, Ledestar LED chips, etc. Our company's street lamp products usually use Lumileds LED and Bridgelux LED or other LED chips.  Other functions Because of the different economic development of different countries and regions, different countries may have different requirements for the functions of street lights. The following are the most common ones: 1. Street lamps with photocell (generally use 1-10V drivers or no dimming driver, with 3pin, 5pin, 7pin NEMA base + photocell): can realize the function of automatic shutdown of lamps during the day and automatic lighting at night; 2. Street lamps with motion sensor functions, generally use 0-10V drivers ( What's the 0-10V dimming of LED driver? ), with special motion sensors, can realize that when people come or vehicles pass, the lamps light up, and after people leave, the lamps automatically turn off within a certain period; 3. Another is street lamps with Zigbee or LoRa systems, which can detect the status of street lamps in real time, set street lamp brightness, fault reminder, and perform other functions. ZC Lighting LED street light solutions ZC Lighting has engaged in the production and sales of LED lamps and lanterns for more than 10 years, we have always been from the customer's point of view to analyze and think, whether it is the appearance of the lamps and lanterns innovation, LED driver diversification, LED chips brand and luminaire efficiency selection, as well as street lamp intelligent function we have been constantly developing, to ensure the quality of the product at the same time, the price of street lamps optimization of the product. Our street lighting solutions have also helped customers successfully obtain a lot of projects, with lamp controllers, motion sensors, with intelligent control of street lamps we have a mature program, and we also continue to innovate, for customers to achieve more intelligent urban solutions ( ZC Lighting smart lighting solution ) and efforts, as long as you have the demand for street lamps, tell us the requirements, we will be the first time to give you the most appropriate program. Summary This article is just a simple introduction to the composition of street light prices. Users, often focus on different aspects, some are more concerned about the appearance, and some are more concerned about the internal configuration of the product, and light efficiency ( What's luminaire efficacy and how to improve it? ). We as a producer, understand the importance of each component of the street light products ( View the case study of LED street light head ), so we are in the choice of street lamps is based on the actual needs of customers, not simply looking at the price of the product. I hope that this article for your choice of street lamps can help, in the focus on the price of street lamps and lanterns at the same time, but also pay more attention to the configuration of the lamps and lanterns composition. If you have more questions, please feel free to ask us.

Introduction Glare, including disability glare and discomfort glare, has a significant impact on people’s visual perception, psychological state, and quality of life. Disability glare poses a safety hazard by reducing the visibility of objects and damaging eye health; while discomfort glare causes psychological discomfort and affects mood and quality of life. To mitigate these hazards, we need to optimize the lighting environment and protect visual health by adjusting the position and light distribution of lamps and using light shields/hoods. This article mainly introduces what’s UGR, GR, and TI, and their calculation methods. In addition, we will also introduce how to check and improve the glare (reduce glare) of stadium lighting and the glare (TI) of road lighting. Reduce glare in sports lighting What are UGR, GR, and TI? Glare can be divided into two categories: disability glare and discomfort glare. Disability glare is reduced visibility due to scattered light in the eye, and is commonly seen with car headlights. It is not necessarily associated with physical discomfort, just reduced visibility. Disability glare tests measure a subject’s ability to detect objects in the presence of a glare source. In contrast, discomfort glare is defined as an annoying or painful sensation when exposed to bright light in the field of vision, but does not necessarily impair vision. Discussions of glare in sports lighting generally refer to the discomfort type of glare. Unlike disability glare, discomfort glare is subjective. There are many different models and variables used to quantify discomfort glare. The measurement of glare is based on the measurement of light, so before discussing glare further, it is important to understand some basics of measuring light. The intensity of light or a light source is quantified using illuminance and brightness. Illuminance is the amount of light (luminous flux) incident on a surface or area, basically how much light enters an area, and it is measured in lux (lumensper square meter). While illuminance quantifies the light shining on an area, luminance by contrast quantifies the light emitted from an area. Luminance is the measurement of the intensity of light emitted from a specific area within a solid angle (luminous intensity), and it is measured in candela per square meter. Below we introduce the common UGR, GR and Ti. UGR UGR is the abbreviation of Unified Glare Rating. It is a psychological parameter that measures the subjective discomfort caused by the light emitted by the lighting device in the visual environment to the human eye. Its value can be calculated according to the unified glare formula published by the International Commission on Illumination. Application scenario: UGR is often used to evaluate the degree of uncomfortable glare in classrooms, offices, and other places. GR GR is the abbreviation of Glare rating, which represents the glare level of a lighting place and is used to evaluate the glare discomfort caused by lighting devices. UGR focuses specifically on indoor lighting, while GR focuses primarily on outdoor lighting. In sports lighting, glare can significantly affect the performance and comfort of athletes and the experience of spectators. Reasonable control of the value of GR is crucial to ensure visibility on the court and reduce visual discomfort. Ti TI, or threshold increment, is a measurement method to describe disabling glare. It represents the percentage of contrast between an object and its background that we need to increase in order to maintain visual perception (i.e., recognition) of an object in the presence of glare. In other words, if there is no glare, we may only need a lower contrast (low TI value) to see the object clearly; but once glare appears, in order to continue to see the object clearly, we need to increase the contrast between the object and the background.   UGR GR Ti Meaning Unified Glare Rating Glare Rating Threshold Increment Application Indoor lighting Outdoor(sports lighting) Street lighting Formula How to calculate UGR, GR and Ti? UGR The formula includes background brightness (LB), luminaire brightness (L), the solid angle between the light source and the observer (ω), and the Gus position index (р). Here we can simply think of Lb as the indirect illumination in the direction of the eye, which includes the lighting intensity of the wall, ceiling, ground, etc. The second half of the formula can be thought of as the brightness generated by the luminaire, and it is also related to the position of the luminaire. Simplified, UGR = brightness generated by the lamp / indirect illumination in the direction of the eye. Generally speaking, the greater the luminous flux of the lamp, the lower the installation height, the larger the beam angle, the smaller the luminous surface, and the lower the indoor wall/floor reflectivity, the greater the glare it produces. In addition, glare is also affected by the installation position of the lamp, whether the light source is blocked/diffused, and the light distribution characteristics of the lamp. GR Glare Rating (GR) – This model was developed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) for outdoor lighting, referring to CIE document 112-1994. The glare rating is calculated based on the illuminance at the eye when observing each point in the array of points from a single observer position. In the following formula, Lvl is the illuminance generated by the light emitted by the lamp directly hitting the eye. Lve can be understood as the illuminance caused by the environment directly hitting the eye, that is, the brightness of the illuminated site. After simplification, GR = brightness generated by the lamp/brightness of the illuminated site. In general, increasing the installation height, using sunshades, and using asymmetric light distribution can effectively reduce the value of GR. TI TI is a measure of the effect of disability glare, described as an equivalent veiling luminance caused by scattering of light in the human eye. TI values are calculated in accordance with EN 13201-3 by means of an equation for the equivalent veiling luminance which represents a young person. When setting requirements for the limitation of the TI, or when evaluating calculated TI values, it should be taken into account that the scattering in the eye tends to increase with the age of the person. The definition in CIE 150:2017 is similar. The formula for calculating TI in these two documents is: TI = 65 Lv /( Lad)0.8, where Lv = veiling luminance and Lad = adaptation luminance PS: In this formula, adaptation luminance is the sum of the veiling luminance from the scene and the background luminance. So it differs from average roadway luminance. Please review case studies of LED roadway lights. Main principles to reduce glare in lighting After understanding the calculation method of glare, we probably have a certain understanding of how to reduce glare. ZGSM believes that we should start from two aspects: the direction of light and the installation of lamps. First, let’s talk about the direction of light. This is like the lamp in your home. If it is not designed well, the light will be scattered, not only illuminating the place you want to illuminate, but also running to the place you don’t want it to go, such as your eyes. At this time, you will feel glare. In order to solve this problem, lamp designers or manufacturers will work hard on lamps, such as adding lightshades, reflectors or special lenses, which is like adding sights to lamps, so that they only shine where they should go, instead of directly into the eyes. Then let’s talk about the installation of lamps. In practical applications, the installation of lamps is also critical. Imagine if you look up on the playground, a lamp on a high pole and a lamp on a low pole, which one is less likely to make you feel glare? Of course, the short one. Because the high lamp is far away from you, the light becomes soft when it reaches you, and it is not easy to produce glare. Therefore, generally speaking, the higher the lamp is installed and the closer it is to the target area, the less likely it is to make people feel uncomfortable. However, if the position of the lamp cannot be moved, we can also try to align the center point of the lamp with a place close to the installation position, which can also reduce glare. However, there will be a problem at this time: we must reduce glare while ensuring that the target area has sufficient lighting. Therefore, we need to make reasonable choices in the installation height and the direction of illumination. For example, a high and as horizontal as possible luminous surface is often comfortable, but the cost is also high. The solution with a low installation height and a large elevation angle of the luminous surface often has higher glare, but its cost is lower. This requires lighting designers to balance the economy and comfort of lighting. When designing and installing lamps, they often need to consider various factors according to the actual situation to find the best solution. Let us explain them one by one as follows. GR in sports lighting, TI in street lighting and how to improve them? GR in sports lighting In sports lighting, glare can significantly affect the performance and comfort of athletes and the experience of spectators. Different sports activities and spaces have specific GR requirements that need to be met to ensure optimal lighting conditions. Many outdoor competition venues have a maximum glare of 50, training venues have a maximum glare of 55, and the evaluation height is often 1.5 meters above the ground. In stadium lighting, we need to measure the GR value of various points in the stadium. The observer position, viewing angle, luminaire light distribution, and recommended thresholds are taken into account during the evaluation process. In the stadium lighting simulation, we need to insert a glare observer to obtain the glare value. The figure below shows the glare calculation results for a 105 x 68-meter football field. In this lighting simulation, all glare points are 50 in below the calculation surface. In the next section, we will discuss how to reduce these values. GR in sports lighting TI in street lighting TI stands for Threshold Increment, a measure used in street lighting to quantify the impact of glare on visual tasks such as driving. In road lighting, motor vehicle lanes have clear requirements for TI values. M lighting classes, which from M1 to M6, require the TI 10-20%. For example, TI for M4a road lighting systems is lower than 15%. High TI values ​​indicate higher levels of glare and reduced visibility, which can be dangerous for drivers. In the new section, we can find TIs in road lighting simulations. Some of them can meet the requirements, while others can not. What we need to do is how to adjust to meet the corresponding requirements, which we will introduce in detail below. Standard light distribution vs light distribution with shield or hood Glare protection, also known as visors or shields, is an essential accessory for outdoor lighting installations. Without anti glare measures such as light shield, the light emitted by the light source may directly hit people’s eyes, causing glare. On the contrary, the addition of light shield is to minimize glare and light pollution by blocking direct light from hitting pedestrians’ eyes, thereby improving visual comfort and productivity. As follows, we analyze the two situations of stadium lighting without and with light shield. In the left figure, we can see that ULR=6.5%, and its glare is also high, reaching a maximum of 47. After using the light shield, we can see that ULR=1.0%, and its glare is also effectively controlled, reaching a maximum of 44. At the same time, we can see that the former will have a higher illuminance, while the latter will have a lower illuminance, mainly because the light shield blocks part of the useful light. Standard light distribution vs with shield or hood Standard light distribution vs asymmetric Asymmetric light distribution highlights the concentration of light in a specific direction without dissipating it in any direction. It can be achieved through lenses or mirrors. Therefore, it minimizes the distribution of light in unnecessary spaces and helps reduce light pollution. The best examples of asymmetric lighting are street lights, stadium and parking lot lighting, etc. Additionally, asymmetric spectra have greater potential for glare reduction. By rationally designing the luminous angle and light intensity distribution of the light source, glare can be significantly reduced and lighting quality improved. Below we compare the lighting results of using symmetrical light distribution and asymmetrical light distribution in stadium lighting. In the picture on the right below, we can see that with ULR=0%, the maximum glare value has been reduced to 39. Using symmetrical light distribution, the results are not unsatisfactory. You can refer to the results in the previous section. In addition, the use of asymmetric light distribution and hood also has a certain impact on the light efficiency of the lamp. We need to consider GR comprehensively and cost before making a final choice. Standard light distribution vs asymmetric Right installation height to reduce glare The installation height of the lamp is one of the important factors affecting glare. When the installation height of the street lamp is too low, the light will directly shine into the human eye, causing glare. On the contrary, when the installation height is high, the proportion of the lamp light directly shining into the eye will be reduced. Therefore, choosing the right installation height is crucial to reducing glare. Let’s analyze the impact of different installation heights on the Ti of road lighting. The installation height of the street light on the left is 7 meters, and the TI value reaches 18, but when we increase the height to 8 meters, the Ti value drops to 14. When the height cannot be adjusted, we can also reduce the Ti value by replacing the light distribution. PS: In the stadium lighting, we can appropriately increase the installation height and reduce the GR value.